The most effective treatment depends on arthritis severity. For mild to moderate knee arthritis, a combination of physical therapy, weight management, and viscosupplementation (gel injections) often provides the best results. Severe cases may require knee replacement surgery. Research shows multimodal approaches work better than single treatments.

Hyaluronic acid (gel) injections typically last 3-6 months, while cortisone injections provide relief for 6-12 weeks. Individual results vary based on arthritis severity, activity level, and the specific product used. Some patients report benefits lasting up to a year with gel injections.

Most patients report mild discomfort during the injection, similar to a blood draw. The area is often numbed beforehand, and the procedure takes less than a minute. Some temporary soreness or swelling may occur for 24-48 hours after injection, but severe pain is uncommon.

Cortisone is a steroid that reduces inflammation quickly but provides shorter relief (6-12 weeks). Gel shots (hyaluronic acid) lubricate the joint and may stimulate cartilage repair, offering longer-lasting relief (3-6 months). Cortisone is often used for acute flares, while gel shots are better for ongoing arthritis management.

Long-term NSAID use carries risks including stomach ulcers, kidney problems, and cardiovascular issues, especially for adults over 65. If you need daily pain relief for more than a few weeks, consult your doctor about alternatives like topical NSAIDs, physical therapy, or injections that may be safer for extended use.

Surgery is typically a last resort after conservative treatments fail. Most people with arthritis can manage symptoms effectively with medications, injections, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes. Surgery may be appropriate when pain severely limits daily activities, quality of life is significantly reduced, or joint damage is extensive.

Medicare and most insurers cover one series of hyaluronic acid injections per knee per year (typically 1-3 injections depending on the product). Some patients may qualify for additional injections if the first series was ineffective or benefits wore off early, but this requires medical justification and prior authorization.

Yes, several alternatives exist including hyaluronic acid injections, PRP (platelet-rich plasma) therapy, stem cell treatments, radiofrequency ablation, and genicular nerve blocks. Physical therapy, bracing, and weight loss can also delay or avoid surgery. Success rates vary, and some alternatives have limited insurance coverage.

PRP (platelet-rich plasma) uses concentrated platelets from your own blood to promote healing. Evidence for knee arthritis is mixed, with some studies showing modest improvements and others finding no benefit beyond placebo. Medicare doesn't cover PRP, and out-of-pocket costs range from $500-$2,000 per treatment.

Yes, physical therapy is one of the most evidence-based treatments for arthritis. Targeted exercises strengthen muscles around joints, improve flexibility, and reduce pain. Studies show PT can be as effective as medications for many patients, with benefits lasting long after therapy ends when exercises are continued at home.

Timing varies by treatment type. Cortisone injections work within 24-48 hours. Gel injections may take 2-3 weeks for full effect. Oral NSAIDs provide relief within hours but take days for maximum anti-inflammatory benefit. Physical therapy typically shows improvement after 4-6 weeks of consistent sessions.

Topical NSAIDs (like diclofenac gel) are moderately effective for superficial joints like knees and hands, with fewer side effects than oral NSAIDs. Over-the-counter menthol or capsaicin creams provide temporary relief through counter-irritation. Topical treatments work best for mild to moderate pain as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

Research on CBD for arthritis pain is limited and mixed, though some patients report benefits. Glucosamine and chondroitin have weak evidence for knee arthritis. Omega-3 fatty acids may reduce inflammation. The FDA doesn't regulate supplements strictly, so quality varies. Discuss any supplements with your doctor, especially if taking other medications.

Yes, weight loss significantly reduces joint pain, especially in weight-bearing joints like knees and hips. Losing just 10-15 pounds can reduce knee pain by 50% in some people. Every pound of weight loss removes approximately 4 pounds of pressure from knee joints during walking, making it one of the most effective non-medical interventions.

Untreated arthritis typically worsens over time, leading to increased pain, reduced mobility, and progressive joint damage. This can create a cycle where reduced activity causes muscle weakness, weight gain, and further joint stress. Early treatment can slow progression, maintain function, and improve quality of life significantly.