NSAID
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug - a type of medication that reduces pain, inflammation, and fever by blocking enzymes that produce inflammatory chemicals in the body.
Extended Definition
NSAIDs are among the most commonly used medications for managing osteoarthritis pain and inflammation. The term “non-steroidal” distinguishes them from corticosteroids—they reduce inflammation through a different mechanism and don’t have the same side effect profile as steroids.
NSAIDs work by blocking enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) that produce prostaglandins, chemicals in the body that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. Common over-the-counter NSAIDs include ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), and aspirin. Prescription NSAIDs include higher-dose versions of these medications as well as others like celecoxib (Celebrex), meloxicam, and diclofenac.
While NSAIDs can be very effective for managing arthritis symptoms, they come with potential risks, especially with long-term use or in certain populations. Side effects can include stomach irritation and ulcers, increased risk of heart attack and stroke, kidney problems, and elevated blood pressure. Older adults and people with existing heart, kidney, or stomach conditions need to use NSAIDs with particular caution. Some NSAIDs (called COX-2 selective inhibitors like celecoxib) are designed to reduce stomach-related side effects while still providing anti-inflammatory benefits. NSAIDs can also be applied topically as gels or creams, which may provide localized relief with fewer systemic side effects. Always consult with a healthcare provider about the appropriate NSAID type and dose for your individual situation.
Related Terms
More Treatments Terms
View allCorticosteroid
A powerful anti-inflammatory medication similar to cortisol (a hormone naturally produced by the body) that can be injected into joints to quickly reduce swelling and pain.
Hyaluronic Acid
A naturally occurring substance found in synovial fluid that gives it its thick, gel-like consistency and lubricating properties. Also used as an injection treatment for joint pain.
Molecular Weight
The size of a molecule measured in daltons. In hyaluronic acid products, molecular weight affects how thick and long-lasting the injection is, with higher molecular weight typically providing longer relief.
Nerve Block
An injection of anesthetic near specific nerves to temporarily block pain signals. Used for diagnosis, pain relief, or before surgery. Effects last hours to months depending on medication used.
Orthotic
A custom or prefabricated device worn to support, align, or correct joint and limb function. For knee arthritis, includes braces, shoe inserts, and wedged insoles that reduce joint stress.