Osteophyte
A bony projection that forms along joint margins in response to cartilage damage. Also called bone spurs, osteophytes are a radiographic hallmark of osteoarthritis.
Extended Definition
Osteophytes (commonly called bone spurs) are bony outgrowths that develop at the margins of joints affected by osteoarthritis. They represent the body’s attempt to stabilize a damaged joint by increasing the surface area for load distribution.
How They Form
- Cartilage breakdown triggers inflammatory signals
- Growth factors stimulate bone-forming cells (osteoblasts)
- New bone forms at the joint margins
- Gradual enlargement over months to years
Clinical Significance
- X-ray finding - Osteophytes are one of the key features used to diagnose and grade OA severity
- May cause symptoms - Can limit range of motion or impinge on nearby structures
- Often asymptomatic - Many osteophytes cause no problems
- Irreversible - Once formed, they don’t go away (though symptoms can be managed)
Hyaluronic acid injections don’t remove osteophytes but can help reduce pain by improving joint lubrication and cushioning.
Related Terms
More Anatomy Terms
View allAcetabulum
The cup-shaped socket of the pelvis that holds the head of the femur (thigh bone) in the hip joint.
Articular Cartilage
The smooth, white tissue covering the ends of bones in joints. Its breakdown is the primary feature of osteoarthritis.
Bursae
Small, fluid-filled sacs that act as cushions between bones, tendons, and muscles near joints, reducing friction during movement. Singular form is 'bursa.'
Bursa
Small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion bones, tendons, and muscles near joints. Bursitis (inflammation of a bursa) can cause joint pain similar to arthritis.
Cartilage
A smooth, rubbery connective tissue that covers and protects the ends of bones where they meet to form joints, allowing them to glide smoothly during movement.