Physical Therapy
A healthcare specialty focused on restoring movement and function through exercise, manual therapy, and education. Often the first-line treatment for joint pain and arthritis.
Extended Definition
Physical therapy (PT) uses targeted exercises, hands-on techniques, and patient education to reduce pain, improve mobility, and restore function. For joint pain, it’s typically recommended before more invasive treatments.
What PT Includes
Exercise Programs:
- Strengthening exercises
- Range of motion activities
- Balance training
- Cardiovascular conditioning
- Home exercise program
Manual Therapy:
- Joint mobilization
- Soft tissue massage
- Stretching assistance
- Manual resistance
Modalities:
- Heat/cold therapy
- Electrical stimulation
- Ultrasound
- Taping/bracing
PT for Osteoarthritis
Research shows PT effectively:
- Reduces pain (comparable to NSAIDs)
- Improves function and mobility
- Strengthens muscles that support joints
- Delays need for surgery
- Enhances outcomes of other treatments
Typical Treatment Course
| Phase | Duration | Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Initial | 2-4 weeks | Pain reduction, basic exercises |
| Strengthening | 4-8 weeks | Building muscle support |
| Maintenance | Ongoing | Home program, periodic check-ins |
Medicare Coverage
Medicare Part B covers PT when:
- Ordered by a physician
- Medically necessary
- Provided by licensed therapist
- Shows documented progress
Costs:
- 20% coinsurance after deductible
- No annual cap (since 2018)
- May require documentation for extended care
Maximizing Results
- Attend all scheduled sessions
- Do home exercises consistently
- Communicate about pain levels
- Ask questions about your condition
- Continue exercises after PT ends
Related Terms
More Treatments Terms
View allCorticosteroid
A powerful anti-inflammatory medication similar to cortisol (a hormone naturally produced by the body) that can be injected into joints to quickly reduce swelling and pain.
Hyaluronic Acid
A naturally occurring substance found in synovial fluid that gives it its thick, gel-like consistency and lubricating properties. Also used as an injection treatment for joint pain.
Molecular Weight
The size of a molecule measured in daltons. In hyaluronic acid products, molecular weight affects how thick and long-lasting the injection is, with higher molecular weight typically providing longer relief.
NSAID
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug - a type of medication that reduces pain, inflammation, and fever by blocking enzymes that produce inflammatory chemicals in the body.
Nerve Block
An injection of anesthetic near specific nerves to temporarily block pain signals. Used for diagnosis, pain relief, or before surgery. Effects last hours to months depending on medication used.