TENS Unit

Extended Definition

A TENS unit is a small, battery-powered device that sends electrical impulses through electrode pads placed on the skin. These impulses can reduce pain by interfering with pain signals and stimulating endorphin release.

How TENS Works

Gate Control Theory:

• Electrical signals “close the gate” to pain signals
• Nerve fibers carrying TENS signals reach brain faster
• Pain perception is reduced

Endorphin Release:

• Low-frequency TENS may trigger natural painkillers
• Similar to exercise-induced pain relief

Using TENS for Joint Pain

Electrode Placement:

• Around (not directly on) the painful joint
• On muscles that support the joint
• Specific patterns for each joint

Settings:

• Frequency: 2-150 Hz
• Intensity: Comfortable tingling
• Duration: 20-60 minutes per session

Effectiveness

Research shows mixed but generally positive results:

• 30-50% pain reduction for many users
• Works best combined with other treatments
• No significant side effects
• Doesn’t work for everyone

Medicare Coverage

Medicare covers TENS when:

• Prescribed for chronic pain (3+ months)
• Trial period completed successfully
• Other treatments tried first
• Covered as DME (80% after deductible)

Process:

1. Doctor prescribes trial unit
2. Use for 30-day trial
3. Document effectiveness
4. Submit for coverage of purchase/rental

Pros and Cons

Advantages:

• Drug-free pain relief
• Use at home anytime
• No serious side effects
• Relatively inexpensive

Limitations:

• Doesn’t treat underlying cause
• Temporary relief only
• Requires consistent use
• Not effective for everyone