Tibia
The shinbone - the larger of two lower leg bones. The upper surface of the tibia forms the lower part of the knee joint.
Extended Definition
The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. Its upper end, the tibial plateau, forms the lower half of the knee joint and bears the body’s weight during standing and walking.
Knee Joint Role
The tibial plateau:
- Is covered with articular cartilage
- Is topped by two menisci (cushioning pads)
- Receives force transmitted through the femur
- Has medial (inner) and lateral (outer) compartments
Malalignment and OA
The tibia’s alignment affects OA progression:
- Varus (bow-legged) - More stress on medial compartment
- Valgus (knock-kneed) - More stress on lateral compartment
This is why alignment can predict which part of the knee develops OA first.
Surgical Considerations
Severe knee OA may require tibial component replacement in partial or total knee arthroplasty. The goal of non-surgical treatments like HA injections is to delay or avoid this surgery.
Related Terms
More Anatomy Terms
View allAcetabulum
The cup-shaped socket of the pelvis that holds the head of the femur (thigh bone) in the hip joint.
Articular Cartilage
The smooth, white tissue covering the ends of bones in joints. Its breakdown is the primary feature of osteoarthritis.
Bursae
Small, fluid-filled sacs that act as cushions between bones, tendons, and muscles near joints, reducing friction during movement. Singular form is 'bursa.'
Bursa
Small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion bones, tendons, and muscles near joints. Bursitis (inflammation of a bursa) can cause joint pain similar to arthritis.
Cartilage
A smooth, rubbery connective tissue that covers and protects the ends of bones where they meet to form joints, allowing them to glide smoothly during movement.