Arthroplasty

Extended Definition

Arthroplasty, commonly known as joint replacement surgery, is typically considered when severe joint damage from osteoarthritis or other conditions causes significant pain and disability that doesn’t respond adequately to non-surgical treatments. The most common types are total knee arthroplasty (TKA or total knee replacement) and total hip arthroplasty (THA or total hip replacement).

During the procedure, the surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone from the joint surfaces and replaces them with artificial components called prostheses or implants. These implants are designed to replicate the shape and function of a healthy joint. In a knee replacement, for example, the ends of the femur and tibia are resurfaced with metal components, and a plastic spacer is inserted between them to allow smooth gliding. The underside of the kneecap may also be resurfaced.

Modern joint replacement surgery has become highly successful, with most implants lasting 15-20 years or more. The surgery typically relieves pain, improves function, and enhances quality of life for people with severe arthritis. Recovery involves several weeks to months of physical therapy to regain strength and mobility. While joint replacement is a major surgery with risks like infection, blood clots, and implant wear or loosening, for appropriate candidates with end-stage arthritis, it can be life-changing. The decision to proceed with arthroplasty should be made carefully in consultation with an orthopedic surgeon, considering factors like age, overall health, activity level, and treatment goals.