Radiofrequency Ablation
A procedure using heat generated by radio waves to disable nerves that transmit pain signals. Provides longer-lasting relief than nerve blocks for chronic joint pain. Also called RFA or radiofrequency neurotomy.
Extended Definition
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) uses heat from radio waves to create a lesion on nerves that transmit pain signals. This “turns off” the nerve’s ability to send pain messages, providing relief that lasts months to over a year.
How It Works
- Diagnostic block first confirms which nerves cause pain
- Needle electrodes placed near target nerves (fluoroscopy-guided)
- Radio waves heat the nerve tissue to ~80°C
- Nerve disabled - can’t transmit pain signals
- Nerve regenerates over time (6-18 months)
Genicular RFA for Knee OA
For knee osteoarthritis, RFA targets the genicular nerves:
- Superior medial genicular nerve
- Superior lateral genicular nerve
- Inferior medial genicular nerve
Candidacy:
- Moderate to severe knee OA
- Failed conservative treatments
- Not ready or not candidate for surgery
- Successful diagnostic nerve block
Results
Effectiveness:
- 60-70% experience 50%+ pain reduction
- Relief lasts 6-12 months on average
- Can be repeated when pain returns
Advantages:
- Outpatient procedure
- Minimal recovery time
- Preserves joint function
- Can delay or avoid surgery
Procedure Details
- Takes 30-60 minutes
- Local anesthesia used
- Mild sedation optional
- Go home same day
- Avoid strenuous activity for 24-48 hours
Insurance Coverage
Medicare covers RFA for knee OA when:
- Documented failed conservative treatment
- Successful diagnostic nerve block
- Medical necessity established
Most private insurers also cover with prior authorization.
Related Terms
More Treatments Terms
View allCorticosteroid
A powerful anti-inflammatory medication similar to cortisol (a hormone naturally produced by the body) that can be injected into joints to quickly reduce swelling and pain.
Hyaluronic Acid
A naturally occurring substance found in synovial fluid that gives it its thick, gel-like consistency and lubricating properties. Also used as an injection treatment for joint pain.
Molecular Weight
The size of a molecule measured in daltons. In hyaluronic acid products, molecular weight affects how thick and long-lasting the injection is, with higher molecular weight typically providing longer relief.
NSAID
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug - a type of medication that reduces pain, inflammation, and fever by blocking enzymes that produce inflammatory chemicals in the body.
Nerve Block
An injection of anesthetic near specific nerves to temporarily block pain signals. Used for diagnosis, pain relief, or before surgery. Effects last hours to months depending on medication used.