Rotator Cuff
A group of four muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and enable arm rotation. Rotator cuff problems are common sources of shoulder pain.
Extended Definition
The rotator cuff consists of four muscles and their tendons that surround the shoulder joint, holding the humeral head (ball) in the glenoid (socket).
The Four Muscles
- Supraspinatus - Initiates arm lifting (most commonly injured)
- Infraspinatus - External rotation
- Teres minor - External rotation
- Subscapularis - Internal rotation
Common Problems
- Tendinitis - Inflammation from overuse
- Impingement - Tendons pinched between bones
- Tears - Partial or complete rupture
- Rotator cuff arthropathy - OA secondary to massive tears
Relationship to Shoulder Arthritis
Chronic rotator cuff disease can lead to:
- Altered shoulder mechanics
- Accelerated cartilage wear
- Specific type of OA called rotator cuff arthropathy
Shoulder HA injections (off-label) may help some patients with early shoulder OA, though evidence is less robust than for knee injections.
Related Terms
More Anatomy Terms
View allAcetabulum
The cup-shaped socket of the pelvis that holds the head of the femur (thigh bone) in the hip joint.
Articular Cartilage
The smooth, white tissue covering the ends of bones in joints. Its breakdown is the primary feature of osteoarthritis.
Bursae
Small, fluid-filled sacs that act as cushions between bones, tendons, and muscles near joints, reducing friction during movement. Singular form is 'bursa.'
Bursa
Small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion bones, tendons, and muscles near joints. Bursitis (inflammation of a bursa) can cause joint pain similar to arthritis.
Cartilage
A smooth, rubbery connective tissue that covers and protects the ends of bones where they meet to form joints, allowing them to glide smoothly during movement.