Gel Injection FAQs: Hyaluronic Acid Treatment Questions Answered

Gel injections, also called viscosupplementation or hyaluronic acid (HA) injections, deliver a gel-like substance directly into your knee joint. This gel acts like natural joint fluid, lubricating and cushioning the joint to reduce pain and improve movement.

Hyaluronic acid is a natural component of joint fluid that breaks down in arthritic joints. Gel injections restore this cushioning and lubrication, reduce friction between bones, and may have anti-inflammatory effects. The gel also helps protect remaining cartilage.

FDA-approved options include Synvisc-One, Euflexxa, Supartz FX, Hyalgan, Orthovisc, Monovisc, Durolane, and Gel-One. They differ in source (bird-derived vs. bacterial), number of injections needed, and molecular weight. Your doctor will recommend the best option for you.

Single-injection products like Synvisc-One and Monovisc offer convenience with just one office visit. Multi-injection series like Euflexxa (3 shots) or Supartz (5 shots) are spread over weeks. Studies show similar effectiveness between both approaches.

Most patients describe the injection as mild discomfort similar to a blood draw. Your doctor may apply numbing spray or local anesthetic first. The injection takes only 2-5 minutes. Any soreness typically fades within 24-48 hours.

Most patients experience pain relief for 6 to 12 months after treatment. Duration varies based on your arthritis severity, activity level, weight, and which product was used. Many patients repeat treatment annually or semi-annually.

Some patients notice improvement within a week, but full benefits typically develop over 4-6 weeks. This gradual onset differs from cortisone, which provides faster but shorter relief. Be patient and continue any prescribed exercises.

Ideal candidates have mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis, have tried conservative treatments without adequate relief, and want to avoid or delay surgery. People with severe bone-on-bone arthritis typically see less benefit.

Yes, for appropriate candidates. Studies show gel injections can help delay knee replacement by several years when combined with weight management, exercise, and other conservative care. They work best for mild-to-moderate arthritis.

Common side effects include temporary soreness, mild swelling, and warmth at the injection site, affecting about 5-10% of patients. These typically resolve within 48 hours. Serious complications like infection are rare (less than 1%).

Possibly, but you need a non-avian product. Some gel products (Synvisc, Supartz, Hyalgan) are derived from rooster combs. If you have egg or bird allergies, ask your doctor about Euflexxa or Durolane, which are made from bacterial fermentation.

Yes, Medicare Part B covers hyaluronic acid injections for knee osteoarthritis when medically necessary. You typically pay your annual deductible plus 20% coinsurance. Medicare Advantage plans may have additional requirements.

Self-pay costs typically range from $1,000 to $2,500 per treatment series, depending on the brand and your location. With Medicare, you pay approximately $150-$300. Private insurance copays vary by plan.

There is no strict limit on how many times you can receive gel injections. Most patients repeat treatment every 6-12 months as needed. Unlike cortisone, gel injections do not damage cartilage with repeated use.

Rest your knee for 24-48 hours, avoiding strenuous activities. Light walking is encouraged. Apply ice if you experience soreness. Resume normal activities gradually over the first week. Continue any prescribed physical therapy.

They serve different purposes. Cortisone provides fast relief for acute inflammation but effects wear off in weeks and repeated use can damage cartilage. Gel injections provide longer-lasting relief (6-12 months) and may protect cartilage.

Imaging guidance (fluoroscopy or ultrasound) improves accuracy significantly. Studies show blind injections miss the joint space up to 30% of the time. For knees, imaging is recommended but not always required. For hips and shoulders, imaging is essential.

Yes, both knees can be treated in the same visit if medically appropriate. Your doctor will assess each knee separately. Insurance coverage for bilateral treatment varies by plan, so check with your provider beforehand.

Gel injections are less effective for severe bone-on-bone arthritis, inflammatory arthritis (like rheumatoid), or if the injection misses the joint space. Poor results may also occur if expectations are unrealistic or conservative care is not maintained.

Yes, but gradually. Rest for 24-48 hours, then resume light activities. After one week, return to normal exercise. Low-impact activities like swimming, cycling, and walking are ideal. Exercise helps gel injections work better by promoting joint health.