Arthroscopy

Extended Definition

Arthroscopy, also called arthroscopic surgery or “keyhole surgery,” allows doctors to see inside a joint without making large incisions. The arthroscope is a thin tube about the width of a pencil that contains a camera and light source. Images from the camera are displayed on a video monitor, giving the surgeon a clear view of the joint’s interior.

During the procedure, the surgeon typically makes 2-3 small incisions (usually less than half an inch long) around the joint. Through these small openings, they can insert the arthroscope and surgical instruments to diagnose problems and perform repairs. Common arthroscopic procedures include removing loose pieces of bone or cartilage, repairing torn ligaments or meniscus, and smoothing damaged cartilage surfaces.

The minimally invasive nature of arthroscopy offers several advantages over traditional open surgery, including smaller scars, less pain, shorter hospital stays (often outpatient), and faster recovery times. However, for osteoarthritis specifically, research has shown that arthroscopic surgery (such as lavage and debridement) is generally not more effective than non-surgical treatments. Arthroscopy is most beneficial for treating specific mechanical problems in joints, such as meniscal tears in younger patients or loose bodies causing joint locking.