Limited Range of Motion
Reduced ability to move a joint through its full, normal arc of movement. A common consequence of osteoarthritis caused by pain, swelling, bone spurs, or cartilage loss.
Extended Definition
Limited range of motion (ROM) occurs when a joint cannot move through its expected full arc. In osteoarthritis, this limitation develops gradually and affects daily activities like walking, climbing stairs, or reaching overhead.
Causes in OA
- Pain avoidance - Body restricts movement to prevent pain
- Swelling - Fluid limits joint space for movement
- Bone spurs - Physical blocks at end-range
- Cartilage loss - Irregular surfaces impede smooth motion
- Capsule tightening - Joint capsule becomes less flexible
- Muscle weakness - Surrounding muscles lose strength
Measurement
Range of motion is measured in degrees:
Knee (normal):
- Extension: 0° (fully straight)
- Flexion: 135-150° (fully bent)
Hip (normal):
- Flexion: 120°
- Extension: 30°
- Internal/external rotation: 40-50°
Functional Impact
Limited ROM affects:
- Getting in/out of chairs
- Climbing stairs
- Putting on shoes and socks
- Reaching overhead items
- Personal hygiene tasks
Treatment Approach
- Physical therapy to maintain/improve ROM
- Stretching exercises
- Heat before movement
- HA injections (may improve joint mechanics)
- Activity modification to preserve function
Related Terms
More Conditions Terms
View allBilateral Arthritis
Arthritis affecting the same joint on both sides of the body, such as both knees or both hips. Common in osteoarthritis due to similar wear patterns.
Bone Spur
A smooth, bony growth that develops along the edges of bones, especially in joints affected by osteoarthritis. Also called an osteophyte.
Bone-on-Bone
A colloquial term describing advanced osteoarthritis where cartilage has worn away completely, allowing direct contact between bone surfaces. Often painful and may require surgery.
Chondromalacia
Softening and deterioration of cartilage, most commonly affecting the underside of the kneecap. Often considered an early stage of patellofemoral arthritis.
Crepitus
A crackling, popping, or grinding sensation or sound that occurs during joint movement, often felt or heard when bones with damaged cartilage rub together.